The standard definition for an AC Motor is an electric motor that uses and is driven by alternating current. The AC Motor is used in the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is made from utilizing the force that is exerted by the rotating magnetic fields produced by the alternating current that flows through coils. The AC Motor is made up of two components. These AC Motor components are the stationary stator that is on the outside and has coils supplied with AC current, and the inside rotor that is attached to the output shaft.

The AC Motor comes in two different types known as Induction and Synchronous. These AC Motor types are determined by which rotor is used in the construction.

Induction AC Motor
Induction AC Motor products can be referred to as asynchronous motors or rotating transformers. This type of AC Motor uses electromagnetic induction to power the rotating device which is usually the shaft. The rotor in Induction AC Motor products typically turns slower than the frequency that is supplied to it. Induced current is what causes the magnetic field that envelops the rotor of these motors. This Induction AC Motor can come in one or three phases.

Synchronous AC Motor
The Synchronous Motor is typically an AC Motor that has its rotor spinning at the same rate as the alternating current that is being supplied to it. The rotor can also turn at a sub multiple of the current it is supplied. Slip rings or a permanent magnet supplied with current is what generates the magnetic field around the rotor.

The AC Motor is a reasonable cost effective solution to your application needs. The construction materials along with how the motor is designed make AC Motor products an affordable solution. The AC Motor operates with a rotating magnetic field and does not use brushes. This enables the cost of the motor to be lower and eliminates a piece of your motor that wears over time. AC Motor products do not require a driver to operate. This saves initial setup costs. Today's manufacturing processes makes producing AC Motor products easier and quicker than ever. The stator is made out of thin laminations that can be pressed or punched out of a machine. Many other parts can be quickly made and perfected saving both time and money.

AC Motor products have two options for feedback controls. These options are either an AC Motor resolver or an AC Motor encoder. Both the AC Motor resolver and the AC Motor encoder can sense direction, speed, and the position of the output shaft. While both the AC Motor resolver and AC Motor encoder offer the same solution in multiple applications, they are greatly different.

AC Motor resolvers use a second set of stator coils called the transformer to provoke rotor voltages across an air gap. Since the resolver lacks electronic components, it is very tough with a large temperature range. The AC Motor resolver is also naturally shock resistant due to how it is designed which makes it most likely used in harsh environments.

The AC Motor optical encoder uses a shutter that rotates to disrupt a beam of light that crosses the air gap between a light source and the photo detector. The rotating of the shutter over time causes wear on the encoder. This wear reduces the durability and dependably of the optical encoder.

The type of application being run will establish whether a resolver or an encoder is needed. AC Motor encoders are easier to implement and are more exact so they should be the primary preference for any application. A resolver should only be chosen if the durability needs and the environment in which it will be used requires it.

AC Induction motors have been in the industry for over 20 years now. The idea behind the AC Motor came from Nikola Telsa in the 1880's. Nikola Telsa stated that motors do not need brushes for the rotor to commutate. He said they could be induced by a rotating magnetic field. Nikola Telsa identified the use of alternating current which induced rotating magnetic fields. Telsa filed the U.S. patent number 416,194 for his work on the AC Motor. This type of motor is what we call an AC Induction motor today.

The AC Motor has made a name for itself by having a simple design, being easy to use, having a simple rugged construction and being cost effective for many different applications. Advances in technology have allowed manufacturers to build up Telsa's idea and have allowed a great versatility in the speed control of the AC Induction Motor. From a simple phase control to more robust closed loop systems that use vector oriented field controls; the AC Motor has advanced over the last one hundred and twenty years.

There is a vast selection of accessories for the AC Motor. The accessories available include a brake, clutch, fan, connector, and cables.

The AC Motor brakes are a 24vdc system. These brakes are ideal for any holding applications you may use with an AC Motor. The AC Motor brakes have a low voltage design for applications that are susceptible to weak battery, brown out, or long wiring.

The AC Motor Clutch is used to control the torque that is applied to the load. The AC Motor clutch can also be used to ramp up the speed of a high inertia load. Clutches are ideal to use with an AC motor when you want precise control over torque or to slowly apply the power. AC Motor clutches also help prevent large current spikes.

AC Motor Fans are used to cool down the motors. They are not really seen in small motors because they are not needed but more common with larger AC induction motors due to heat generation. There are two types of fans that are used for an AC Motor. The types are internal and external fans. AC Motor fans are ideal to use when overheating is a concern. AC Motor cables can be custom made with the supplied AC motor connector to fit your specifications. The cables may also be purchased from Anaheim Automation.

Anaheim Automation offers a wide selection of options to customize your AC motor. The options available to customize include but are not limited to: shaft, brake, mounting dimensions, speed, and torque. Please feel free to give Anaheim Automation a call for any custom applications in which AC Motor products are required.

The following information is intended as a general guideline for the installation and mounting of the AC Motor system. WARNING - Dangerous voltages capable of causing injury or death may be present in the AC Motor system. Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and adjusting during installation, set-up, and operation. It is very important that the wiring of the AC Motor be taken into consideration upon installation and mounting. Subpanels installed inside the enclosure for mounting system components, must be a flat, rigid surface that will be free from shock, vibration, moisture, oil, vapors, or dust. Remember that the AC Motor will produce heat during work, therefore, heat dissipation should be considered in designing the system layout. Size the enclosure so as not to exceed the maximum ambient temperature rating. It is recommended that the AC Motor be mounted in position as to provide adequate airflow. The AC Motor should be mounted in a stable fashion, secured tightly.

NOTE: There should be a minimum of 10mm between the AC Motor and any other devices mounted in the system/electric panel or cabinet.
NOTE: In order to comply with UL and CE requirements, the AC Motor system must be grounded in a grounded conducive enclosure offering protection as defined in standard EN 60529 (IEC 529) to IP55 such that they are not accessible to the operator or unskilled person. As with any moving part in a system, the AC Motor should be kept out of the reach of the operator. A NEMA 4X enclosure exceeds those requirements providing protection to IP66. To improve the bond between the power rail and the subpanel, construct your subpanel out of zinc-plated (paint-free) steel. Additionally, it is strongly recommended that the AC Motor system be protected against electrical noise interferences. Noise from signal wires can cause mechanical vibration and malfunctions.

The following information is intended as a general guideline for wiring of the Anaheim Automation AC Motor product line. Be aware that when you route power and signal wiring on a machine or system, radiated noise from the nearby relays, transformers, and other electronic devices can be inducted into the AC Motor and encoder signals, input/output communications, and other sensitive low voltage signals. This can cause systems faults.
WARNING - Dangerous voltages capable of causing injury or death, may be present in the AC Motor system. Use extreme caution when handling, wiring, testing, and adjusting during installation, set-up, tuning, and operation. Don’t make extreme adjustments or changes to the AC Motor system parameters, which can cause mechanical vibration and result in failure and/or loss. Once the AC Motor system is wired, do not run by switching On/Off the power supply directly. Frequent power On/Off switching will cause fast aging of the system components, which will reduce the lifetime of AC Motor system.

Strictly comply with the following rules:

• Follow the Wiring Diagram with each AC Moto
• Route high-voltage power cables separately from low-voltage power cable
• Segregate input power wiring and AC Motor power cables from control wiring and motor feedback cables. Maintain this separation throughout the wire run.
• Use shielded cable for power wiring and provide a grounded 360 degree clamp termination to the enclosure wall. Allow room on the sub-panel for wire bends.
• Make all cable routes as short as possible.
NOTE: Factory made cables are recommended for use in our AC Motor systems. These cables are purchased separately, and are designed to minimize EMI. These cables are recommended over customer-built cables to optimize system performance and to provide additional safety for the AC Motor system and the user.
WARNING - To avoid the possibility of electrical shock, perform all mounting and wiring of the AC Motor prior to applying power. Once power is applied, connection terminals may have voltage present.

The following environmental and safety considerations must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of an AC Motor system. Failure to comply with these precautions violates safety standards of design, manufacture and intended use of the AC Motor. Please note that even a well-built AC Motor operated and installed improperly, can be hazardous. Precaution must be observed by the user with respect to the load and operating environment. The customer is ultimately responsible for the proper selection, installation, and operation of an AC Motor.

The atmosphere in which an AC Motor is used must be conducive to good general practices of electrical/electronic equipment. Do not operate the AC Motor system in the presence of flammable gases, dust, oil, vapor or moisture. For outdoor use, the AC Motor must be protected from the elements by an adequate cover, while still providing adequate air flow and cooling. Moisture may cause an electrical shock hazard and/or induce system breakdown. Due consideration should be given to the avoidance of liquids and vapors of any kind. Contact the factory should your application require specific IP ratings. It is wise to install the AC Motor in an environment which is free from condensation, electrical noise, vibration and shock.

Additionally, it is preferable to work with the AC Motor system in a non-static protective environment. Exposed circuitry should always be properly guarded and/or enclosed to prevent unauthorized human contact with live circuitry. No work should be performed while power is applied.

Do NOT plug in or unplug when power is ON. Wait for at least 5 minutes before doing inspection work on the AC Motor system after turning power OFF, because even after the power is turned off, there will still be some electrical energy remaining in the capacitors of the internal circuit of the AC Motor system. Plan the installation of the AC Motor in a system design that is free from debris, such as metal debris from cutting, drilling, tapping, and welding, or any other foreign material that could come in contact with system’s circuitry. Failure to prevent debris from entering the AC Motor system can result in damage and/or shock.

Engineers appreciate that Anaheim Automation’s AC Motor product line can answer their desire for creativity, flexibility and system efficiency. Buyers appreciate the simplicity of the "one-stop shop," and the cost savings of a custom AC Motor design, while engineers are pleased with Anaheim Automation's dedicated involvement in their specific system requirements.

Anaheim Automation’s standard AC Motor product line is a cost-effective solution, in that they are known for their rugged construction and excellent performance. A considerable size of its sales growth has resulted from dedicated engineering, friendly customer service and professional application assistance, often surpassing the customer's expectations for fulfilling their custom requirements. While a good portion of Anaheim Automation's AC Motor sales involves special, custom, or private-labeling requirements, the company takes pride in its standard stock base located in Anaheim, California, USA. To make customization of a AC Motor affordable, a minimum quantity and/or a Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) fee is required. Contact the factory for details, should you require a custom AC Motor in your motion control system design. All Sales for a customized or modified AC Motor are Non-Cancelable-Non-Returnable, and a NCNR Agreement must be signed by the customer, per each request. All Sales, including a customized AC Motor, are made pursuant to Anaheim Automation’s standard Terms and Conditions, and are in lieu of any other expressed or implied terms, including but not limited to any implied warranties.

Anaheim Automation's customers for the AC Motor product line are diverse: companies operating or designing automated machinery or processes that involve food, cosmetics or medical packaging, labeling or tamper-evident requirements, assembly, conveyor, material handling, robotics, special filming and projection effects, medical diagnostics, inspection and security devices, pump flow control, metal fabrication (CNC machinery), and equipment upgrades. Many OEM customers request that we “private-label” the AC Motor, so that their customers stay loyal to them for servicing, replacements and repairs. PLEASE NOTE: Technical assistance regarding its AC Motor product line, as well as all the products manufactured or distributed by Anaheim Automation, is available at no charge. This assistance is offered to help the customer in choosing Anaheim Automation products for a specific application. However, any selection, quotation, or application suggestion for a AC Motor, or any other product, offered from Anaheim Automation’s staff, its' representatives or distributors, are only to assist the customer. In all cases, determination of fitness of the custom AC Motor in a specific system design is solely the customers' responsibility. While every effort is made to offer solid advice regarding the AC Motor product line, as well as other motion control products, and to produce technical data and illustrations accurately, such advice and documents are for reference only, and subject to change without notice.

Engineers appreciate that Anaheim Automation’s AC Motor product line can answer their desire for creativity, flexibility and system efficiency. Buyers appreciate the simplicity of the "one-stop shop," and the cost savings of a custom AC Motor design, while engineers are pleased with Anaheim Automation's dedicated involvement in their specific system requirements.

Anaheim Automation’s standard AC Motor product line is a cost-effective solution, in that they are known for their rugged construction and excellent performance. A considerable size of its sales growth has resulted from dedicated engineering, friendly customer service and professional application assistance, often surpassing the customer's expectations for fulfilling their custom requirements. While a good portion of Anaheim Automation's AC Motor sales involves special, custom, or private-labeling requirements, the company takes pride in its standard stock base located in Anaheim, California, USA. To make customization of a AC Motor affordable, a minimum quantity and/or a Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) fee is required. Contact the factory for details, should you require custom AC Motor in your motion control system design. All Sales for a customized or modified AC Motor are Non-Cancelable-Non-Returnable, and a NCNR Agreement must be signed by the customer, per each request. All Sales, including a customized AC Motor, are made pursuant to Anaheim Automation’s standard Terms and Conditions, and are in lieu of any other expressed or implied terms, including but not limited to any implied warranties.

Anaheim Automation's customers for the AC Motor product line are diverse: companies operating or designing automated machinery or processes that involve food, cosmetics or medical packaging, labeling or tamper-evident requirements, assembly, conveyor, material handling, robotics, special filming and projection effects, medical diagnostics, inspection and security devices, pump flow control, metal fabrication (CNC machinery), and equipment upgrades. Many OEM customers request that we “private-label” the AC Motor, so that their customers stay loyal to them for servicing, replacements and repairs. PLEASE NOTE: Technical assistance regarding its AC Motor product line, as well as all the products manufactured or distributed by Anaheim Automation, is available at no charge. This assistance is offered to help the customer in choosing Anaheim Automation products for a specific application. However, any selection, quotation, or application suggestion for a AC Motor, or any other product, offered from Anaheim Automation’s staff, its' representatives or distributors, are only to assist the customer. In all cases, determination of fitness of the custom AC Motor in a specific system design is solely the customers' responsibility. While every effort is made to offer solid advice regarding the AC Motor product line, as well as other motion control products, and to produce technical data and illustrations accurately, such advice and documents are for reference only, and subject to change without notice.

The fundamental operation of an AC Motor relies on the principles of magnetism. The simple AC Motor contains a coil of wire and two fixed magnets surrounding a shaft. When an electric (AC) charge is applied to the coil of wire, it becomes an electromagnet, generating a magnetic field. Simply described, when the magnets interact, the shaft and the coil of wires begin to rotate, operating the AC motor.

Typically, the AC Motor consists of two main components: the stator and the rotor. The stator is the stationary part of the AC motor, consisting of several thin laminations wound with an insulated wire, forming the core.

The rotor is connected to the output shaft on the inside. The most common type of rotor used in an AC Motor is the squirrel cage rotor, named after its resemblance to rodent exercise wheels. The stator mounts inside the AC motor’s enclosure, with the rotor mounted inside, and a gap separating the two from touching each other. The enclosure is the motor’s frame, containing two bearing houses.

AC Motor Advantages and Disadvantages
The most common and simple industrial motor is the three-phase AC motor, sometimes shortened to AC Motor. Pertinent information can be found about the AC motor by checking the nameplate.

Advantages of Using an AC Motor

• The AC Motor is of a simple design
   • The simple design AC motors: Simply stated, a series of three windings in the exterior stator section with a simple rotating section (rotor). The changing field caused by the 50 or 60 Hertz AC line voltage causes the AC motor rotor to rotate around the axis of the motor.
   • The speed of AC motors will depend upon these three variables:
      1. The fixed number of winding sets (poles) built into AC motors, which determines the motor's base speed.
      2. The frequency of the AC line voltage. Variable speed drives change this frequency to change the speed of AC motors.
      3. The amount of torque loading on AC motors, causes slipping.
• The AC Motor is of a low cost construction

The AC motor has the advantage of being the lowest cost motor. The AC motor is the perfect for applications requiring more than about 1/2 hp (325 watts) of power. This is due to the simple design of the AC motor. For this reason, the AC motor is generally preferred for fixed-speed applications, such as in industrial applications and for commercial and domestic applications where AC line power can be easily attached. Over 90% of all motors are AC considered an AC motor. They are found in air conditioners, washers, dryers, industrial machinery, fans, blowers, vacuum cleaners, and many, many other applications.

• The AC Motor operates reliably
The very simple design and construction of the AC motor causes them to be extremely reliable and are considered to be low maintenance. Unlike DC Brush Motors, there are no brushes to replace. If an AC Motor is used in the appropriate environment, protected by an enclosure, an AC motor can expect to replace the bearings after several years of continuous operation. If the application is well designed in a protective environment, an AC motor may not require the bearings to be replaced for more than 10 years.

• Easily Found Replacements
The wide use of the AC motor in many different industries has resulted in easily found replacements for existing equipment repairs and/or upgrades. Many manufacturers adhere to either European (metric) or American (NEMA) standards.
• The AC Motor is made by many manufacturers, so it is relatively easy to obtain replacements (for basically the same motor)
• The AC Motor is designed in a variety of mounting styles (dependent upon the motor manufacturer). Foot Mount, C-Face, Large Flange, Vertical and Specialty.
• There are many environmental styles available for the AC Motor, to cover a wide range of applications and industries, called Specialty AC Motors by most. Because of the wide range of environments in which people want to use the AC motor, manufacturers have adapted by providing a wide range of packaging/enclosure designs, such as Open Drip Proof (ODP), Totally Enclosed/Fan-Cooled (TEFC), Totally Enclosed/Air-Over (TEAO), Totally Enclosed/Blower-Cooled (TEBC), Totally Enclosed/Non-Ventilated (TENV), and Totally Enclosed/Water-Cooled (TEWC) versions.

Disadvantages of Using an AC Motor

• Expensive speed control - Speed controllers can be expensive. The electronics required to handle an AC inverter driver are considerably more expensive than those required to handle a DC motor. However, if performance requirements can be met ~meaning that the required speed range is over 1/3rd of base speed ~ AC inverters and AC motors are usually more cost-effective overall, than are DC motors and DC drives. This is especially true for applications larger than 10 horsepower, because of cost savings in the AC motor.
• Inability to operate at low speeds - Standard AC motors should not be operated at speeds less than about 1/3rd of the base speed, due to thermal considerations. A DC motor should be considered for these applications.
• Poor positioning control - Positioning drivers and controllers can be expensive and crude. Even a vector drive is very crude when controlling a standard AC motor. Stepper motors and Servo Motors are more appropriate for applications wherein positioning and speed control is critical.

What Industries is the AC Motor used in?

The AC Motor is primarily used in domestic applications due to their relatively low manufacturing costs, and durability, but are also widely used in industrial applications.

What Applications is the AC Motor used for?

The AC Motor can be found in numerous home appliances and applications, including:

- Clocks
- Power tools
- Disk drives
- Washing Machines and other Home Appliances/br> - Audio turntables
- Fans

The AC Motor can also be found in industrial applications:
- Pumps
- Blowers
- Conveyors
- Compressors

Preventative maintenance is the key to a long-lasting AC Motor. Routine inspection should be implemented. Always check the AC Motor for dirt and corrosion; dirt and debris can clog air passages and reduce airflow, ultimately reducing insulation life and possible motor failure. When debris is not blatantly visible, check to ensure air flow is steady and not weak. This could potentially point towards clogging as well. In wet environments, check for corroded terminals in the conduit box and repair when necessary.

Listen for excessive noise or vibration, and feel for excessive heat. This could indicate lubrication of the bearings is needed. Note: Be cautious when lubricating the bearings as excessive lubrication may lead to dirt and oils clogging air flow. Be sure to locate and remove the source of heat for the AC motor to avoid system failure.

In order to select the appropriate AC Motor for your application, first you need to determine basic specifications. Calculate the required load torque and operating speed. Remember that induction and reversible motors cannot be adjusted, they require a gearhead. If this is needed, select the appropriate gear ratio. Next determine frequency, and power supply voltage for the AC motor.

The standard definition for a 3 Phase Motor is an electric motor that uses and is driven by alternating current. The 3 Phase Motor is used in the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is made from utilizing the force that is exerted by the rotating magnetic fields produced by the alternating current that flows through coils. The 3 Phase Motor is made up of two components. These AC Motor components are the stationary stator that is on the outside and has coils supplied with 3 Phase current, and the inside rotor that is attached to the output shaft.

Engineers appreciate that Anaheim Automation’s 3 Phase Motor product line can answer their desire for creativity, flexibility and system efficiency. Buyers appreciate the simplicity of the one-stop shop, and the cost savings of a custom 3 Phase Motor design, while engineers are pleased with Anaheim Automations dedicated involvement in their specific system requirements. Anaheim Automation’s standard 3 Phase Motor product line is a cost-effective solution, in that they are known for their rugged construction and excellent performance. A considerable size of its sales growth has resulted from dedicated engineering, friendly customer service and professional application assistance, often surpassing the customers expectations for fulfilling their custom requirements. While a good portion of Anaheim Automations 3 Phase Motor sales involves special, custom, or private-labeling requirements, the company takes pride in its standard stock base located in Anaheim, California, USA. To make customization of a 3 Phase Motor affordable, a minimum quantity and/or a Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) fee is required. Contact the factory for details, should you require custom 3 Phase Motor in your motion control system design. All Sales for a customized or modified 3 Phase Motor are Non-Cancelable-Non-Returnable, and a NCNR Agreement must be signed by the customer, per each request. All Sales, including a customized Motor, are made pursuant to Anaheim Automation’s standard Terms and Conditions, and are in lieu of any other expressed or implied terms, including but not limited to any implied warranties. Anaheim Automations customers for the 3 Phase Motor product line are diverse: companies operating or designing automated machinery or processes that involve food, cosmetics or medical packaging, labeling or tamper-evident requirements, assembly, conveyor, material handling, robotics, special filming and projection effects, medical diagnostics, inspection and security devices, pump flow control, metal fabrication (CNC machinery), and equipment upgrades. Many OEM customers request that we “private-label” the AC Motor, so that their customers stay loyal to them for servicing, replacements and repairs. PLEASE NOTE: Technical assistance regarding its 3 Phase Motor product line, as well as all the products manufactured or distributed by Anaheim Automation, is available at no charge. This assistance is offered to help the customer in choosing Anaheim Automation products for a specific application. However, any selection, quotation, or application suggestion for a AC Motor, or any other product, offered from Anaheim Automation’s staff, its representatives or distributors, are only to assist the customer. In all cases, determination of fitness of the custom 3 Phase Motor in a specific system design is solely the customers responsibility. While every effort is made to offer solid advice regarding the 3 Phase Motor product line, as well as other motion control products, and to produce technical data and illustrations accurately, such advice and documents are for reference only, and subject to change without notice.

The standard definition for a 3 Phase Motor is an electric motor that uses and is driven by alternating current. The 3 Phase Motor is used in the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is made from utilizing the force that is exerted by the rotating magnetic fields produced by the alternating current that flows through coils. The 3 Phase Motor is made up of two components. These AC Motor components are the stationary stator that is on the outside and has coils supplied with 3 Phase current, and the inside rotor that is attached to the output shaft.

Anaheim Automation was established in 1966 as a manufacturer of turnkey motion control systems. Its emphasis on R&D has insured the continued introduction of advanced motion control products, such as the AC Motor product line. Today, Anaheim Automation ranks high among the leading manufacturers and distributors of motion control products, a position enhanced by its excellent reputation for quality products at competitive prices. The 3 Phase Motor product line is no exception to the Company’s goal. Anaheim Automation offers a variety of standard 3 Phase Motor products. Occasionally, OEM customers with mid to large quantity requirements prefer to have a 3 Phase Motor that is custom or modified to meet their exact design requirements. Sometimes the customization is as simple as shaft modification, brake, oil seal for an IP65 rating, mounting dimensions, wire colors, or label. Other times, a customer might require that a 3 Phase Motor meet an ideal specification such as, speed, torque, and/or voltage.

The following environmental and safety considerations must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of a 3 Phase Motor system. Failure to comply with these precautions violates safety standards of design, manufacture and intended use of the 3 Phase Motor. Please note that even a well-built 3 Phase Motor operated and installed improperly, can be hazardous. Precaution must be observed by the user with respect to the load and operating environment. The customer is ultimately responsible for the proper selection, installation, and operation of a 3 Phase Motor. The atmosphere in which a 3 Phase Motor is used must be conducive to good general practices of electrical/electronic equipment. Do not operate the 3 Phase Motor system in the presence of flammable gases, dust, oil, vapor or moisture. For outdoor use, the 3 Phase Motor must be protected from the elements by an adequate cover, while still providing adequate air flow and cooling. Moisture may cause an electrical shock hazard and/or induce system breakdown. Due consideration should be given to the avoidance of liquids and vapors of any kind. Contact the factory should your application require specific IP ratings. It is wise to install the 3 Phase Motor in an environment which is free from condensation, electrical noise, vibration and shock. Additionally, it is preferable to work with the 3 Phase Motor system in a non-static protective environment. Exposed circuitry should always be properly guarded and/or enclosed to prevent unauthorized human contact with live circuitry. No work should be performed while power is applied. Do NOT plug in or unplug when power is ON. Wait for at least 5 minutes before doing inspection work on the 3 Phase Motor system after turning power OFF, because even after the power is turned off, there will still be some electrical energy remaining in the capacitors of the internal circuit of the AC Motor system. Plan the installation of the 3 Phase Motor in a system design that is free from debris, such as metal debris from cutting, drilling, tapping, and welding, or any other foreign material that could come in contact with system’s circuitry. Failure to prevent debris from entering the 3 Phase Motor system can result in damage and/or shock.

3 Phase Induction motors have been in the industry for over 20 years now. The idea behind the 3 Phase Motor came from Nikola Telsa in the 1880’s. Nikola Telsa stated that motors do not need brushes for the rotor to commutate. He said they could be induced by a rotating magnetic field. Nikola Telsa identified the use of alternating current which induced rotating magnetic fields. Telsa filed the U.S. patent number 416,194 for his work on the AC Motor. This type of motor is what we call a 3 Phase motor today. The 3 Phase Motor has made a name for itself by having a simple design, being easy to use, having a simple rugged construction and being cost effective for many different applications. Advances in technology have allowed manufacturers to build up Telsa’s idea and have allowed a great versatility in the speed control of the 3 Phase Motor. From a simple phase control to more robust closed loop systems that use vector oriented field controls; the 3 Phase Motor has advanced over the last one hundred and twenty years.

The following information is intended as a general guideline for the installation and mounting of the 3 Phase Motor system. WARNING - Dangerous voltages capable of causing injury or death may be present in the 3 Phase Motor system. Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and adjusting during installation, set-up, and operation. It is very important that the wiring of the 3 Phase Motor be taken into consideration upon installation and mounting. Subpanels installed inside the enclosure for mounting system components, must be a flat, rigid surface that will be free from shock, vibration, moisture, oil, vapors, or dust. Remember that the 3 Phase Motor will produce heat during work, therefore, heat dissipation should be considered in designing the system layout. Size the enclosure so as not to exceed the maximum ambient temperature rating. It is recommended that the 3 Phase Motor be mounted in position as to provide adequate airflow. The 3 Phase Motor should be mounted in a stable fashion, secured tightly. NOTE: There should be a minimum of 10mm between the 3 Phase Motor and any other devices mounted in the system/electric panel or cabinet. NOTE: In order to comply with UL and CE requirements, the 3 Phase Motor system must be grounded in a grounded conducive enclosure offering protection as defined in standard EN 60529 (IEC 529) to IP55 such that they are not accessible to the operator or unskilled person. As with any moving part in a system, the AC Motor should be kept out of the reach of the operator. A NEMA 4X enclosure exceeds those requirements providing protection to IP66. To improve the bond between the power rail and the subpanel, construct your subpanel out of zinc-plated (paint-free) steel. Additionally, it is strongly recommended that the 3 Phase Motor system be protected against electrical noise interferences. Noise from signal wires can cause mechanical vibration and malfunctions.

Engineers appreciate that Anaheim Automation’s 3 Phase Motor product line can answer their desire for creativity, flexibility and system efficiency. Buyers appreciate the simplicity of the one-stop shop, and the cost savings of a custom 3 Phase Motor design, while engineers are pleased with Anaheim Automations dedicated involvement in their specific system requirements. Anaheim Automation’s standard 3 Phase Motor product line is a cost-effective solution, in that they are known for their rugged construction and excellent performance. A considerable size of its sales growth has resulted from dedicated engineering, friendly customer service and professional application assistance, often surpassing the customers expectations for fulfilling their custom requirements. While a good portion of Anaheim Automations 3 Phase Motor sales involves special, custom, or private-labeling requirements, the company takes pride in its standard stock base located in Anaheim, California, USA. To make customization of a 3 Phase Motor affordable, a minimum quantity and/or a Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) fee is required. Contact the factory for details, should you require a custom 3 Phase Motor in your motion control system design. All Sales for a customized or modified 3 Phase Motor are Non-Cancelable-Non-Returnable, and a NCNR Agreement must be signed by the customer, per each request. All Sales, including a customized AC Motor, are made pursuant to Anaheim Automation’s standard Terms and Conditions, and are in lieu of any other expressed or implied terms, including but not limited to any implied warranties. Anaheim Automations customers for the 3 Phase Motor product line are diverse: companies operating or designing automated machinery or processes that involve food, cosmetics or medical packaging, labeling or tamper-evident requirements, assembly, conveyor, material handling, robotics, special filming and projection effects, medical diagnostics, inspection and security devices, pump flow control, metal fabrication (CNC machinery), and equipment upgrades. Many OEM customers request that we “private-label” the 3 Phase Motor, so that their customers stay loyal to them for servicing, replacements and repairs. PLEASE NOTE: Technical assistance regarding its AC Motor product line, as well as all the products manufactured or distributed by Anaheim Automation, is available at no charge. This assistance is offered to help the customer in choosing Anaheim Automation products for a specific application. However, any selection, quotation, or application suggestion for a 3 Phase Motor, or any other product, offered from Anaheim Automation’s staff, its representatives or distributors, are only to assist the customer. In all cases, determination of fitness of the custom 3 Phase Motor in a specific system design is solely the customers responsibility. While every effort is made to offer solid advice regarding the 3 Phase Motor product line, as well as other motion control products, and to produce technical data and illustrations accurately, such advice and documents are for reference only, and subject to change without notice.

Tech Tip - 3 Phase Motor Advantages and Disadvantages The most common and simple industrial motor is the three-phase 3 phase motor, sometimes shortened to AC Motor. Pertinent information can be found about the 3 phase motor by checking the nameplate. Advantages of Using an 3 Phase Motor • The 3 Phase Motor is of a simple design • The simple design 3 phase motors: Simply stated, a series of three windings in the exterior stator section with a simple rotating section (rotor). The changing field caused by the 50 or 60 Hertz AC line voltage causes the AC motor rotor to rotate around the axis of the motor. • The speed of AC 3 phase motors will depend upon these three variables: 1. The fixed number of winding sets (poles) built into 3 phase motors, which determines the motors base speed. 2. The frequency of the AC line voltage. Variable speed drives change this frequency to change the speed of 3 phase motors. 3. The amount of torque loading on 3 phase motors, causes slipping. • The 3 Phase Motor is of a low cost construction The 3 phase motor has the advantage of being the lowest cost motor. The AC 3 phase motor is the perfect for applications requiring more than about 1/2 hp (325 watts) of power. This is due to the simple design of the 3 phase motor. For this reason, the AC 3 phase motor is generally preferred for fixed-speed applications, such as in industrial applications and for commercial and domestic applications where AC line power can be easily attached. Over 90% of all 3 phase motors are AC considered an 3 phase motor. They are found in air conditioners, washers, dryers, industrial machinery, fans, blowers, vacuum cleaners, and many, many other applications. • The 3 Phase Motor operates reliably The very simple design and construction of the 3 phase motor causes them to be extremely reliable and are considered to be low maintenance. Unlike DC Brush 3 Phase Motors, there are no brushes to replace. If an 3 Phase Motor is used in the appropriate environment, protected by an enclosure, an 3 phase motor can expect to replace the bearings after several years of continuous operation. If the application is well designed in a protective environment, an AC 3 phase motor may not require the bearings to be replaced for more than 10 years. • Easily Found Replacements The wide use of the 3 phase motor in many different industries has resulted in easily found replacements for existing equipment repairs and/or upgrades. Many manufacturers adhere to either European (metric) or American (NEMA) standards. • The 3 Phase Motor is made by many manufacturers, so it is relatively easy to obtain replacements (for basically the same motor) • The 3 Phase Motor is designed in a variety of mounting styles (dependent upon the motor manufacturer). Foot Mount, C-Face, Large Flange, Vertical and Specialty. • There are many environmental styles available for the 3 Phase Motor, to cover a wide range of applications and industries, called Specialty 3 Phase Motors by most. Because of the wide range of environments in which people want to use the 3 phase motor, manufacturers have adapted by providing a wide range of packaging/enclosure designs, such as Open Drip Proof (ODP), Totally Enclosed/Fan-Cooled (TEFC), Totally Enclosed/Air-Over (TEAO), Totally Enclosed/Blower-Cooled (TEBC), Totally Enclosed/Non-Ventilated (TENV), and Totally Enclosed/Water-Cooled (TEWC) versions. Disadvantages of Using an 3 Phase Motor • Expensive speed control - Speed controllers can be expensive. The electronics required to handle an AC inverter driver are considerably more expensive than those required to handle a DC motor. However, if performance requirements can be met ~meaning that the required speed range is over 1/3rd of base speed ~ AC inverters and 3 phase motors are usually more cost-effective overall, than are DC 3 phase motors and DC drives. This is especially true for applications larger than 10 horsepower, because of cost savings in the AC motor. • Inability to operate at low speeds - Standard AC 3 phase motors should not be operated at speeds less than about 1/3rd of the base speed, due to thermal considerations. A DC motor should be considered for these applications. • Poor positioning control - Positioning drivers and controllers can be expensive and crude. Even a vector drive is very crude when controlling a standard AC motor. Stepper 3 phase motors and Servo 3 Phase Motors are more appropriate for applications wherein positioning and speed control is critical.

The 3 Phase Motor comes in two different types known as Induction and Synchronous. These 3 Phase Motor types are determined by which rotor is used in the construction. Induction AC Motor Induction AC Motor products can be referred to as asynchronous motors or rotating transformers. This type of 3 Phase Motor uses electromagnetic induction to power the rotating device which is usually the shaft. The rotor in Induction 3 Phase Motor products typically turns slower than the frequency that is supplied to it. Induced current is what causes the magnetic field that envelops the rotor of these motors. This Induction 3 Phase Motor can come in one or 3 phases. Synchronous Motor The Synchronous Motor is typically a 3 Phase Motor that has its rotor spinning at the same rate as the alternating current that is being supplied to it. The rotor can also turn at a sub multiple of the current it is supplied. Slip rings or a permanent magnet supplied with current is what generates the magnetic field around the rotor.

The following information is intended as a general guideline for wiring of the Anaheim Automation 3 Phase Motor product line. Be aware that when you route power and signal wiring on a machine or system, radiated noise from the nearby relays, transformers, and other electronic devices can be inducted into the 3 Phase Motor and encoder signals, input/output communications, and other sensitive low voltage signals. This can cause systems faults. WARNING - Dangerous voltages capable of causing injury or death, may be present in the 3 Phase Motor system. Use extreme caution when handling, wiring, testing, and adjusting during installation, set-up, tuning, and operation. Don’t make extreme adjustments or changes to the AC Motor system parameters, which can cause mechanical vibration and result in failure and/or loss. Once the 3 Phase Motor system is wired, do not run by switching On/Off the power supply directly. Frequent power On/Off switching will cause fast aging of the system components, which will reduce the lifetime of 3 Phase Motor system. Strictly comply with the following rules: • Follow the Wiring Diagram with each 3 Phase Motor • Route high-voltage power cables separately from low-voltage power cables • Segregate input power wiring and 3 Phase Motor power cables from control wiring and motor feedback cables. Maintain this separation throughout the wire run. • Use shielded cable for power wiring and provide a grounded 360 degree clamp termination to the enclosure wall. Allow room on the sub-panel for wire bends. • Make all cable routes as short as possible. NOTE: Factory made cables are recommended for use in our 3 Phase Motor systems. These cables are purchased separately, and are designed to minimize EMI. These cables are recommended over customer-built cables to optimize system performance and to provide additional safety for the 3 Phase Motor system and the user. WARNING - To avoid the possibility of electrical shock, perform all mounting and wiring of the 3 Phase Motor prior to applying power. Once power is applied, connection terminals may have voltage present.

An AC Drive is known as the equipment that controls the speed of the AC Motor. An AC Drive can also be referred to as a variable frequency drive, adjustable speed drive, frequency converter, etc. The AC Motor receives power, which is ultimately converted by the AC Drive into an adjustable frequency. This adjustable output allows the motor speed to be precisely controlled.

Typically, an AC drive consists of three basic parts: the rectifier, and inverter, and a DC link to connect the two. The rectifier converts AC input into DC (direct current), while the inverter switches the DC voltage to an adjustable frequency AC output voltage. The inverter can also be used to control output current flow if needed. Both the rectifier and inverter are directed by a set of controls to generate a specific amount of AC voltage and frequency to match the AC motor system at a given point in time.

Nikola Tesla invented the first AC Induction Motor in 1888, introducing a more reliable and efficient motor than the DC motor; however, AC speed control was a challenging task. When precise speed control was required, the DC motor became a replacement for the AC motor, because of its efficient and economical means of controlling speed accurately. It wasn’t until the 1980’s that AC speed control became a competitor. Over time, AC Drive technology eventually transformed into an inexpensive and reliable competitor to the traditional DC control. Now, an AC Drive is capable of speed control with full torque attained from 0 RPM through the maximum rated speed.

AC Drivers And Controllers are known as the equipment that controls the speed of the AC Motor. AC Drivers And Controllers can also be referred to as a variable frequency drivers and controllers, adjustable speed drivers and controllers, frequency converter, etc. The AC Motor receives power, which is ultimately converted by the AC Drivers And Controllers into an adjustable frequency. This adjustable output allows the motor speed to be precisely controlled.

Typically, AC drivers and controllers consist of three basic parts: the rectifier, and inverter, and a DC link to connect the two. The rectifier converts AC input into DC (direct current), while the inverter switches the DC voltage to an adjustable frequency AC output voltage. The inverter can also be used to control output current flow if needed. Both the rectifier and inverter are directed by a set of controls to generate a specific amount of AC voltage and frequency to match the AC motor system at a given point in time.

Nikola Tesla invented the first AC Induction Motor in 1888, introducing a more reliable and efficient motor than the DC motor; however, AC speed control was a challenging task. When precise speed control was required, the DC motor became a replacement for the AC motor, because of its efficient and economical means of controlling speed accurately. It wasn’t until the 1980’s that AC speed control became a competitor. Over time, AC Drivers And Controllers technology eventually transformed into an inexpensive and reliable competitor to the traditional DC control. Now, AC Drivers And Controllers are capable of speed control with full torque attained from 0 RPM through the maximum rated speed.

AC Drives are known as the equipment that controls the speed of the AC Motor. AC Drives can also be referred to as a variable frequency drives, adjustable speed drives, frequency converter, etc. The AC Motor receives power, which is ultimately converted by the AC Drives into an adjustable frequency. This adjustable output allows the motor speed to be precisely controlled.

Typically, AC drives consist of three basic parts: the rectifier, and inverter, and a DC link to connect the two. The rectifier converts AC input into DC (direct current), while the inverter switches the DC voltage to an adjustable frequency AC output voltage. The inverter can also be used to control output current flow if needed. Both the rectifier and inverter are directed by a set of controls to generate a specific amount of AC voltage and frequency to match the AC motor system at a given point in time.

Nikola Tesla invented the first AC Induction Motor in 1888, introducing a more reliable and efficient motor than the DC motor; however, AC speed control was a challenging task. When precise speed control was required, the DC motor became a replacement for the AC motor, because of its efficient and economical means of controlling speed accurately. It wasn’t until the 1980’s that AC speed control became a competitor. Over time, AC Drives technology eventually transformed into an inexpensive and reliable competitor to the traditional DC control. Now, AC Drives are capable of speed control with full torque attained from 0 RPM through the maximum rated speed.

Engineers appreciate that Anaheim Automation’s AC Electric Motor product line can answer their desire for creativity, flexibility and system efficiency. Buyers appreciate the simplicity of the one-stop shop, and the cost savings of a custom AC Electric Motor design, while engineers are pleased with Anaheim Automations dedicated involvement in their specific system requirements. Anaheim Automation’s standard AC Electric Motor product line is a cost-effective solution, in that they are known for their rugged construction and excellent performance. A considerable size of its sales growth has resulted from dedicated engineering, friendly customer service and professional application assistance, often surpassing the customers expectations for fulfilling their custom requirements. While a good portion of Anaheim Automations AC Electric Motor sales involves special, custom, or private-labeling requirements, the company takes pride in its standard stock base located in Anaheim, California, USA. To make customization of a AC Electric Motor affordable, a minimum quantity and/or a Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) fee is required. Contact the factory for details, should you require custom AC Electric Motor in your motion control system design. All Sales for a customized or modified AC Electric Motor are Non-Cancelable-Non-Returnable, and a NCNR Agreement must be signed by the customer, per each request. All Sales, including a customized AC Motor, are made pursuant to Anaheim Automation’s standard Terms and Conditions, and are in lieu of any other expressed or implied terms, including but not limited to any implied warranties. Anaheim Automations customers for the AC Electric Motor product line are diverse: companies operating or designing automated machinery or processes that involve food, cosmetics or medical packaging, labeling or tamper-evident requirements, assembly, conveyor, material handling, robotics, special filming and projection effects, medical diagnostics, inspection and security devices, pump flow control, metal fabrication (CNC machinery), and equipment upgrades. Many OEM customers request that we “private-label” the AC Motor, so that their customers stay loyal to them for servicing, replacements and repairs. PLEASE NOTE: Technical assistance regarding its AC Electric Motor product line, as well as all the products manufactured or distributed by Anaheim Automation, is available at no charge. This assistance is offered to help the customer in choosing Anaheim Automation products for a specific application. However, any selection, quotation, or application suggestion for a AC Motor, or any other product, offered from Anaheim Automation’s staff, its representatives or distributors, are only to assist the customer. In all cases, determination of fitness of the custom AC Electric Motor in a specific system design is solely the customers responsibility. While every effort is made to offer solid advice regarding the AC Electric Motor product line, as well as other motion control products, and to produce technical data and illustrations accurately, such advice and documents are for reference only, and subject to change without notice.

The following environmental and safety considerations must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of an AC Electric Motor system. Failure to comply with these precautions violates safety standards of design, manufacture and intended use of the AC Motor. Please note that even a well-built AC Electric Motor operated and installed improperly, can be hazardous. Precaution must be observed by the user with respect to the load and operating environment. The customer is ultimately responsible for the proper selection, installation, and operation of an AC Motor. The atmosphere in which an AC Electric Motor is used must be conducive to good general practices of electrical/electronic equipment. Do not operate the AC Electric Motor system in the presence of flammable gases, dust, oil, vapor or moisture. For outdoor use, the AC Electric Motor must be protected from the elements by an adequate cover, while still providing adequate air flow and cooling. Moisture may cause an electrical shock hazard and/or induce system breakdown. Due consideration should be given to the avoidance of liquids and vapors of any kind. Contact the factory should your application require specific IP ratings. It is wise to install the AC Electric Motor in an environment which is free from condensation, electrical noise, vibration and shock. Additionally, it is preferable to work with the AC Electric Motor system in a non-static protective environment. Exposed circuitry should always be properly guarded and/or enclosed to prevent unauthorized human contact with live circuitry. No work should be performed while power is applied. Do NOT plug in or unplug when power is ON. Wait for at least 5 minutes before doing inspection work on the AC Electric Motor system after turning power OFF, because even after the power is turned off, there will still be some electrical energy remaining in the capacitors of the internal circuit of the AC Electric Motor system. Plan the installation of the AC Electric Motor in a system design that is free from debris, such as metal debris from cutting, drilling, tapping, and welding, or any other foreign material that could come in contact with system’s circuitry. Failure to prevent debris from entering the AC Electric Motor system can result in damage and/or shock.